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Лингвистический фон деловой корреспонденции (Linguistic Background of Business Correspondence) - (диплом)Лингвистический фон деловой корреспонденции (Linguistic Background of Business Correspondence) - (диплом)Дата добавления: март 2006г. A: CORRESPONDENCE EXCHANGE to receive a reply from the letter dated… = получить ответ на письмо датированное… to refer to (a letter) = ссылаться на (письмо) There are several questions I would like to ask. = У меня есть несколько вопросов. We received a fairly encouraging response. = Мы получили весьма обнадеживающий ответ. I hope to hear from you in response of my letter = Надеюсь получить ответ на свое письмо. Do not hesitate to contact me. = Не стесняйтесь обращаться ко мне. We look forward to your (early) reply. = Ждем вашего (скорого) ответа. You prompt reply will be appreciated. = Буду благодарен за быстрый ответ. Please, notify that a reply is required by… without fail. = Пожалуйста, учтите, что ответ непременно требуется не позднее… Waiting for your kind reply we remain… = В ожидании вашего ответа, остаемся… We would gratefully appreciate the answer. = Будем очень благодарны за ответ. I am pleased to… = Мне очень приятно… I am pleased to send you a copy of… = Я с удовольствием высылаю вам экземпляр… As you know from our previous correspondence…= Как вы знаете аз нашей переписки… Our letter crossed yours. = Наше письмо разминулось с вашим. We are grateful for your co-operation. = Мы благодарны за сотрудничество. Please, accept my sincere (/deep) appreciation for your help. = Пожалуйста, примите мою искреннюю (глубокую) благодарность за Вашу помощь. I deeply appreciate… (you kind words of sympathy). = Я высоко ценю… (ваше сочувствие). It is very kind of you to… = С вашей стороны очень любезно… to let know (without delay) = поставить в известность, дать знать (без промедления) to keep informed… = держать в курсе I am attaching some information about… = Прилагаю некоторую информацию о… This is to inform you that… = Настоящим сообщаю вам, что… I will be in touch as soon as… = Я свяжусь с вами как только… We will certainly contact you if… = Мы обязательно свяжемся с вами если… Add some data about… = Сообщите дополнительную информацию о… Please, take a note of… (our new address). = Пожалуйста, обратите внимание на… (наш новый адрес). Pay special attention to… (the fact that…) = Обратите особое внимание… (на тот факт, что…) In addition to my cable I would like you to inform us… = В дополнение к моей телеграмме я бы хотел, чтобы вы сообщили нам… We refer to our telephone conversation of… = Мы ссылаемся на наш телефонный разговор от… In reply to your telephone requiry… = В ответ на ваш запрос по телефону… Let me inform you… = Позвольте мне сообщить вам, что… The information will be handled in confidence. = Информация будет храниться в секрете. We should be most happy to provide you with any further information you may require. = Мы с удовольствием обеспечим вас любой информацией, которая может вам потребоваться. We would be very grateful if you would… = Мы были бы очень благодарны, если бы вы… I shall (/would) be glad … = Я буду (был бы) рад… I am writing to ask you for a favour. = Я пишу, чтобы попросить вас об одолжении. In accordance with law I request… = В соответствии с законом требую… concrete requests We should like you to send us… = Мы хотели бы, чтобы вы выслали нам… We ask to wire us. = Просим телеграфировать. I wonder if you could help me. = Не могли бы вы помочь мне. Please, confirm the full address at which the package is to be sent. = Подтвердите, пожалуйста, подробный адрес, на который должен быть выслан пакет. charge account, credit account = кредитный счет, кредит по открытому счету credit standing = кредитоспособность to cash a cheque = обналичить чек, получить по чеку, выдать деньги по чеку to meet a bill = оплатить счет at our cost plus postage = наша оплата плюс почтовые расходы to cover expenses = покрыть расходы to cover the actual cost price of producing = покрыть стоимость производства to bear a loss (expenses) = нести убытки (расходы) as per account rendered… = в соответствии с представленным счетом… to pay somebody’s travel expenses to London = оплатить чьи-то путевые расходы до Лондона Travel expenses will be paid. = Путевые расходы будут оплачены. We would share with you the cost of paying for … = Мы разделим с вами оплату за… Send us a check to the value of … roubles at this address. = Пришлите нам чек на… рублей по этому адресу. We estimate the cost of… to be... roubles. = По нашей оценке себестоимость…-… рублей. The payment is (/to be) in US dollars. = Оплата - (должна быть) в долларах США. We agree to your payment of … roubles. = Мы согласны на вашу оплату в … рублей. Your offer of … roubles is acceptable. = Ваше предложение в… рублей приемлемо. We request to pay… = Требуем заплатить. Please, accept my apologies for: … = Пожалуйста, примите мои извинения за: … …taking so long to answer your letter = …то, что так задержал ответ на Ваше письмо. …not coming = …то, что не пришел. I regret to inform you that… = С сожалением сообщаю вам, что… I must inform you with regret that… = С сожалением сообщаю вам, что… To my great regret I must inform you that… = С сожалением должен сообщить вам, что… I sincerely regret that… = Искренне сожалею, что… Please, forgive me for troubling you. = Пожалуйста, извините за беспокойство. I am very sorry to have caused you so much trouble. = Извините, что причинил вам столько неудобства. We are sorry about any inconvenience that I may have caused you. = Просим нас извинить за любое неудобство, которое, возможно, мы вам причинили. I am sorry that I missed the opportunity of meeting you. = Мне жаль, что я упустил возможность встретиться с вами. The reason for the present delay is… = Причина настоящего промедления в том, что… Our best wishes (best regards) to… = Наши наилучшие пожелания (искренний привет) … to congratulate on… = поздравить с… My warmest greetings on… to… = Мои горячие поздравления с… … It gives me a great pleasure to congratulate you on… = Я с большим удовольствием поздравляю вас с… With birthday greetings. = С поздравлениями по поводу дня рождения. My warmest congratulations on your promotion. = Горячие поздравления с повышением. Best wishes from all of us on your new appointment. = Наилучшие пожелания от нас всех с вашим новым назначением. Best wishes of further success in your work and of personal happiness. = Наилучшие пожелания дальнейших успехов в работе и личного счастья. With Christmas greetings and all good wishes for the coming New Year. = С рождественскими поздравлениями и наилучшими пожеланиями в новом году. May we express our great sympathy on the death of… = Позвольте выразить глубочайшее соболезнование в связи со смертью… It was with great sorrow that we learned of the death of… = С глубокой скорбью узнали мы о смерти… Please, also convey my sympathy to his family. = Пожалуйста, передайте мои соболезнования его семье. Respectfully = С уважением ( только от низшего к высшему, используется редко, абсолютно не соответствует русскому "с уважением") Cordially = Сердечно Looking forward to continue co-operation, I remain, .. = С надеждой на продолжение сотрудничества, остаюсь… to accept a position at another firm = принять должность в другой фирме to hand over responsibility for… to Mr… = передать полномочия за… … to have extensive international experience = иметь обширный международный опыт the total salary would be… roubles = общая зарплата составит… рублей to sign a licence contract = подписать лицензионное соглашение the licence rights = лицензионные права to find a proposal acceptable = найти предложение приемлемым to assume liability (obligation) = принять обязанность to provide with financial support = обеспечить финансовой поддержкой to take further steps = предпринять дальнейшие шаги to further understanding and co-operation between… = к дальнейшему пониманию и сотрудничеству между… The Company was established in 1967. = Компания была основана в 1967 году. Our firm will provide Mr… with financial support. = Наша фирма обеспечит м-ру… финансовую поддержку. Our firm has already signed a similar contract with another company. = Наша фирма уже подписала подобный контракт с другой компанией. We are pleased (willing) to accept your terms (offer). = Нам приятно (мы желаем) принять ваши условия (ваше предложение). I feel that we should be able to come to a compromise. = Я уверен, что мы сможем прийти к соглашению. A signed contract would be sent directly to you for co-signing. = Подписанный контракт будет прислан прямо вам для консигнации. The conditions may be discussed after your positive decision. = Мы можем обсудить условия после того, как вы примете позитивное решение. Our terms are the following… = Наши условия следующие… If you find our terms acceptable… = Если вы найдете наши условия приемлемыми… Please, confirm the booking and tell me the terms. = Пожалуйста, подтвердите бронь и сообщите мне условия. Your order will have our best attention. = Мы отнесемся к вашему заказу с особым вниманием. Awaiting for your further commands. = Ждем ваших дальнейших указаний. I have made a draft of the protest. = Я подготовил проект протеста. We thoroughly examined the project. = Мы всесторонне изучили проект. We would welcome the opportunity to co-operate with you. = Мы приветствуем возможность сотрудничества с вами. The reason for the present delay is… = Причина настоящего промедления заключается в том что… In accordance with law I request… = В соответствии с законом я требую… Under article… of Geneva convention (1948). = В соответствии со статьей… Женевской Конвенции (1948). In accordance with international practice… = В соответствии с международной практикой… The cargo is in bad condition. = Груз в плохом состоянии. The extent of the damages is now under investigation. = Размеры повреждений в настоящий момент выясняются. I have to ask you to accept the responsibility for these damages (this accident). = Я вынужден просить вас принять на себя ответственность за эти повреждения (этот несчастный случай). I am very disappointed about this fact. = Я очень разочарован по поводу этого факта. We are not happy about the terms you are suggesting. = Нам не нравятся условия, которые вы предлагаете. I have to decline all your claims. = Я должен отклонить все ваши претензии. The contents of your letter have surprised us. = Содержание письма удивило нас. I duly accept liability for… = Я должным образом принимаю ответственность за… to fix the exact dates of arrival and departure = утвердить точные даты прибытия и отъезда to reserve a single (double) room from… to… for… = забронировать одноместный (двухместный) номер с… по… для… I look forward to seeing you. = Надеюсь увидеть вас. I am sorry that I missed the opportunity of meeting you. = Мне очень жаль, что я упустил возможность встретиться с вами. May I have the pleasure of inviting you to visit our firm? Могу ли я пригласить вас посетить нашу фирму? I should be pleased to know what dates would be convenient to you. = Я бы хотел узнать, какие даты будут для вас удобны. The travel arrangements for this visit will be made by our office. = Дорожные приготовления для этого визита будут сделаны нашим офисом. We would welcome the opportunity to co-operate with you. = Мы с удовольствием будем сотрудничать с вами. I could come at any time convenient to you. = Я могу приехать в любое удобное для вас время. I am unable to accept your invitation. = Я не могу принять ваше приглашение. I am just writing a few lines to introduce Mr… = Пишу эти несколько слов, чтобы представить м-ра… It gives me a great pleasure to introduce… = Я с большим удовольствием представляю… The bearer of this letter, Mr…, is a… = Податель этого письма, м-р… , является… This will introduce Mr… who will be grateful for any help you may be able to give him. = Настоящим письмом я представляю вам м-ра…, который будет очень благодарен за любую помощь, которую вы ему можете оказать. I can sincerely recommend Mr… as a highly responsible and reliable man. = Я со всей искренностью могу рекомендовать м-ра… как очень ответственного человека, на которого можно положиться. He is a diligent, loyal and trust-worthy in every way. = Он старательный, надежный и достойный доверия во всех отношениях. It is my opinion that he would be a credit to your firm. = По моему мнению он будет … для вашей фирмы. If you find our terms acceptable… = Если вы найдете наши условия приемлемыми… In case out proposal would be acceptable… = В случае, если на предложение будет приемлемым… If the above idea is attractive to you… = Если изложенная идея вас привлекает… Does the idea appeal to you? = Вам нравится эта идея? We would like to make some changes in… = Нам бы хотелось внести несколько изменений в… We shall do our best to… = Мы сделаем все возможное, чтобы… I hope you will not mind… = Надеюсь, вы не будете возражать… to draw your attention to… = привлечь ваше внимание к тому что… to take the liberty of… = взять на себя смелость… We have no doubt of… (that…) = У нас нет сомнений в … (том что…) It is to be noted… = Необходимо заметить… (Необходимо иметь в виду…) I hope… = Надеюсь… A. Ashley A handbook of commercial correspondence; Oxford University Press, 1992 B. J. Naterop, E. Weis, E. Naberfellner Business letters for all; Oxford University Press, 1994 A. Fowles, M. Miller, J. Stocker Executive decisions; Nelson English Language Teaching, 1995 R. Wincor Contracts in plain English; Princeton review, 1993 E. Gowers The complete plain words; Nelson ELT, 1995 L. Jones, R. Alexander New International English Teacher’s book; Cambridge University Press, 1996 M. Doherty, L. Knapp. S. Swift Write for business, Longman, 1995 А. М. Аизова Основы деловой переписки, Издательский дом "Дрофа", М. , 1996 Э. М. Басс Научная и деловая корреспонденция; Издательство "Педагогика Пресс", М. , 1989 V. Hollett, Business Objectives; Oxford University Press, 1991 D. Horner, P. Strutt Words at work. Vocabulary development for business English; Cambridge University Press, 1996 P. O'Connor, A. Pilbeam Negotiating, Longman Group UK, 1992 D. Davies, D. Pickett English for commerce, Longman Group UK, 1997 N. Brieger Advanced English Contacts; Oxford University Press, 1993 Р. И. Гуськов Деловая переписка на английском языке, МГП "Шарапат", Алма-Ата, 1991 В. В. Сафонова Written English X-XI Москва "Просвещение", 1995 In recent years English has become a universal business language. As such, it is potentially an instrument of order and clarity. A neatly arranged letter will certainly make a better impression on the reader, thus good letters make good business partners. But words and phrases have unexpected ways of creating binding commitments. Letter-writing, certainly, is not the same as casual conversation, it bears only the same power of thoughts, reflections, and observations as in conversational talk, but the form may be quite different. What makes the letter so attractive and pleasing is not always the massage of the letter, it is often the manner and style in which the massage is written. In the case of "scientific correspondence" the majority of letters bear mostly a semi-official character and are concerned with different situations associated with scientific activities concentrated around the organisation of scientific meetings (congresses, symposia, workshops, etc. ), the arrangement of visit, invitation, publication, the exchange of scientific literature, information, etc. Letters of this kind have a tone of friendliness, naturalism. Modern English letters should not be exaggerated, overburdened, outmoded with time-worn expressions. The key note is simplicity. Modern letters tend towards using the language of conversational style. Writing is not only a means of communication and contact, but also a record of affairs, information, events, etc. So it is necessary to feel the spirit and trend of the style in order to write a perfect letter. Business-letter or contract law is a complex and vastly documented subject, only a lawyer can deal with it on a serious level. A number of basic principles, however, can be outlined sufficiently to mark of encounters that require the use of specialised English. Your knowledge of Business English lexics is crucially important; Include just the right amount of information in your letter. (But better to include too much than too little. ) Plan your letter before you start writing, to make sure it says everything you want to say and says it in a logical sequence. Use a simple but polite style of language. Beware of idioms. Your letter should be clear and unambiguous. Take care with abbreviations and figures. Accuracy is important. Pay special attention to titles, names and addresses, references, prices, and enclosures. Writing of business letters is highly complicated science. It is not enough for a good business letter writing to know lexics and grammar, but you should comprehend the whole range of such things as: occasions on which the particular letter is written, the style of letter, useful expressions, and accepted idioms. There are certain rules which not everybody could learn since they have to be felt by correspondents. Letter writing requires long practice and experience. In spite of the difficulties of business correspondence, we as teachers of the English language must be able to prepare our students to be proficient in any sphere of the language. In order to do that we must primarily know how to teach the “golden rule” which must be followed by every business correspondent that the official letter should be formal, courteous, tactful, concise, expressive, and to the point. Business writing (letters, memos and reports, other documents)….... 12 (appointments; travel arrangements; invitations; job applications; goodwill letters; etc) …………………………... 15 Correspondence on business situations (inquires; quotations; sales letters; orders; complaints; acknowledging of payment; etc) ……………………………. 20 Structural and lexical peculiarities of business letters ………………………… 30 Structure of a business letter ………………………………………... 31 3. Rules and manners of writing a business letter ……………………... 40 4. Style of a business letter……………………………………………. 44 (frequent phrases; cliches; abbreviations, etc. ) ……………... 48 Mini-dictionary of business correspondence ………………………………………………... 60 In a man’s letters you know, Madam, his soul lies naked, his letters are only the mirror of his breast, whatever passes within him is shown undisguised in its natural process. Nothing is inverted, nothing distorted, you see systems in their elements, you discover actions in their motives. ----Samuel Johnson (1709–84), English author, lexicographer Letters are above all useful as a means of expressing the ideal self; and no other method of communication is quite so good for this purpose. … In letters we can reform without practice, beg without humiliation, snip and shape embarrassing experiences to the measure of our own desires. … -----Elizabeth Hardwick (b. 1916), U. S. author, critic. Politeness is as much concerned in answering letters within a reasonable time, as it is in returning a bow, immediately. ----Lord Chesterfield (1694–1773), English statesman, For, thus friends absent speak. -----John Donne (c. 1572–1631), English poet. Letter writing - is an essential part of communication, an intimate part of business and life experience. Each letter-writer has a characteristic way of writing, his style of writing, his way of expressing thoughts, facts, etc. But it must be emphasised that the routine of the official or semi-official business letters requires certain accepted idioms, phrases, patterns, and grammar which are found in general use today. Therefore certain skills must be acquired by practice, and details of writing must be carefully and thoroughly learnt. The choice of this topic for my diploma paper was mostly conditioned by the fact that the students studying English at our University are almost unable to write proper business letters and that the problem of writing business letters is still not well-studied. I think that it is very important to know a constituent part of modern business communication. As nowadays more and more agreements are made in English, for English is the nearest thing we have to a universal business language. Joint ventures, bank loans, and trademark licenses frequently are spelled out in this language even though it is not native to at least one of the contracting parties. The subject matter of the diploma paper is the role of lexics and semantics in the case of business letter correspondence. The question of the history of official communication, the main stages of business transactions, the role of person’s feeling for the proper use of phrases as well as his knowledge of grammar are highlighted. Moreover, those phrases which are more often used in business letters are examined from the point of view of their appropriateness in different situations. The practical part contains many examples of business letters; the occasions on which they were written and some of their characteristics are observed. The aim of my diploma paper is to study business letters from the lexicological point of view and make the matter of business letter writing less complicated. The objectives and purposes of the paper may be formulated as follows: Critical study of the material on the theme; Exposure of the aims, place, importance, role and contents of the aspect of letter-writing in the course of Lexicology and Business English classes; Defining the specificity of lexics in different spheres of business correspondence; Searching the peculiarities of the structure, manners and styles of business letters; Defining and stating the rules of writing a business letter; Arranging and classifying the business letters according to the sphere of usage; Giving useful tips and advice to anyone interested in business letter writing. To achieve the set aims I have collected more then 100 letters on various issues of business correspondence. Then, I made a thematic classification and description of letters concerning different spheres of business (trade, finance, industry, international inquiries and reports, etc. ). Having analysed each type separately, I came to the conclusion that there are certain common rules which need through studying. While searching the letters I mostly paid attention to the specific usage of lexics, semantics, manners and styles of business letter writing. As resource for my paper I used a list of business books, various reference books, dictionaries, language textbooks, real pieces of business correspondence and different sites of the Internet. Nowadays, we have a great need of Business English teachers and I do hope that my diploma paper could be really useful especially for them. It also contains good material for the students of language higher institutions, and could be as well appreciated by any person interested in the course of business letter writing. My diploma paper consists of Introduction, four chapters, Conclusion and Appendix. As David Glass is well aware, effective communicators have many tools at their disposal when they want to get across a message. Whether writing or speaking, they know how to put together the words that will convey their meaning. They reinforce their words with gestures and actions. They look you in the eye, listen to what you have to say, and think about your feelings and needs. At the same time, they study your reactions, picking up the nuances of your response by watching your face and body, listening to your tone of voice, and evaluating your words. They absorb information just as efficiently as they transmit it, relying on both non-verbal and verbal cues. The most basic form of communication is non-verbal. Anthropologists theorize that long before human beings used words to talk things over, our ancestors communicated with one another by using their bodies. They gritted their teeth to show anger; they smiled and touched one another to indicate affection. Although we have come a long way since those primitive times, we still use non-verbal cues to express superiority, dependence, dislike, respect, love, and other feelings. Non-verbal communication differs from verbal communication in fundamental ways. For one thing, it is less structured, which makes it more difficult to study. A person cannot pick up a book on non-verbal language and master the vocabulary of gestures, expressions, and inflections that are common in our culture. We don't really know how people learn non-verbal behaviour. No one teaches a baby to cry or smile, yet these forms of self-expression are almost universal. Other types of non-verbal communication, such as the meaning of colors and certain gestures, vary from culture to culture. Non-verbal communication also differs from verbal communication in terms of intent and spontaneity. We generally plan our words. When we say "please open the door, " we have a conscious purpose. We think about the message, if only for a moment. But when we communicate non-verbally, we sometimes do so unconsciously. We don't mean to raise an eyebrow or blush. Those actions come naturally. Without our consent, our emotions are written all over our faces. |
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